Eikonal Blog

2011.05.12

Passwords related postings

Filed under: crypto, hashes, infosec, passwords, security hardening, security testing — Tags: , , , — sandokan65 @ 12:43

Generating password hashes

  • Generating unix-style MD5 hash: openssl passwd -1 -salt QIGCa pippo
    • produces: $1$QIGCa$/ruJs8AvmrknzKTzM2TYE.
  • generating password hash using system’s native crypt() command: perl -e ‘print crypt(“pippo”, “\$1\$QIGCa”),”\n”‘
    • produces: $1Su6NR9CFU/6
  • Using Python’s Passlib library (http://packages.python.org/passlib/):
    • Install Python (e.g. in Cygwin)
    • Install Passlib library following instructions at http://packages.python.org/passlib/install.html
    • start Python: python
    • Calculate the SHA256 hash of the word Password:

      >>> from passlib.hash import sha256_crypt
>>> hash = sha256_crypt.encrypt("password")
>>> hash
'$5$rounds=80000$9GPMLb8EE.1QFrUk$Y0XQiZRKMhOrB2GcfCeWREG.x3jCfa5pbmxSO/hjCE3'
>>> sha256_crypt.encrypt("password")
'$5$rounds=80000$9fjOxTQNeyPhsCvp$XmyKju3TfWUEPXGPXMZ6sIPcv26Uok7NLPyZhx5g7R9'
>>> sha256_crypt.encrypt("password", rounds=12345)
'$5$rounds=12345$Kk9DTJPMRyxGFB3q$7tdzdJXq4YRu7ms6PGo7zTlOHVwYOQO1aUeUsZ3Mrl5'
>>> sha256_crypt.verify("password", hash)
True
>>> sha256_crypt.verify("letmeinplz", hash)
False

    • Generating BouncyCastle SHA1-512 hashes for use in Atlassian JIRA:

      >>> from passlib.hash import atlassian_pbkdf2_sha1
>>> atlassian_pbkdf2_sha1.encrypt("password")
'{PKCS5S2}fU8ppRTCuJeS8n7PGYOQMhVqZ4hUidTIiWI4K8R8IBOXm/lYywaouSLtvlTeTr3V'
>>> atlassian_pbkdf2_sha1.encrypt("password")
'{PKCS5S2}+X+PMcYYAwBAKIWwFsJY639EipU1NXJfc1jKC5VYHZV7zoDI4zTEpKO4xZQoegg1'
>>> atlassian_pbkdf2_sha1.encrypt("password")
'{PKCS5S2}1Nq7N2YM4ZyTstZaSynlnGGh2rgAG+b7SB+9xreszUhrE39BnfwNg2RGm6tqvDg2'
>>> atlassian_pbkdf2_sha1.encrypt("password")
'{PKCS5S2}bu1dK0WotXYuBaB0bo2RslxMAp4JawLofUFw4S5fZdAtfsm3Ats6kO6j5NaHZCdt'
>>> atlassian_pbkdf2_sha1.encrypt("password")
'{PKCS5S2}z/mfc47xvjcm5Ny7dw7BeExB68Oc4XiTJvUS5HRAadKr4/Aomn1WOMMrMWtikUPK'

    • Supported hashing algorithms:
      • Archaic Unix Schemes:
        • passlib.hash.des_crypt – DES Crypt
        • passlib.hash.bsdi_crypt – BSDi Crypt
        • passlib.hash.bigcrypt – BigCrypt
        • passlib.hash.crypt16 – Crypt16
      • Standard Unix Schemes:
        • passlib.hash.md5_crypt – MD5 Crypt
        • passlib.hash.bcrypt – BCrypt
        • passlib.hash.sha1_crypt – SHA-1 Crypt
        • passlib.hash.sun_md5_crypt – Sun MD5 Crypt
        • passlib.hash.sha256_crypt – SHA-256 Crypt
        • passlib.hash.sha512_crypt – SHA-512 Crypt
      • Other Modular Crypt Schemes:
        • passlib.hash.apr_md5_crypt – Apache’s MD5-Crypt variant
        • passlib.hash.phpass – PHPass’ Portable Hash
        • passlib.hash.pbkdf2_digest – Generic PBKDF2 Hashes
        • passlib.hash.cta_pbkdf2_sha1 – Cryptacular’s PBKDF2 hash
        • passlib.hash.dlitz_pbkdf2_sha1 – Dwayne Litzenberger’s PBKDF2 hash
        • passlib.hash.scram – SCRAM Hash
        • passlib.hash.bsd_nthash – FreeBSD’s MCF-compatible nthash encoding
        • passlib.hash.unix_disabled – Unix Disabled Account Helper
      • Standard LDAP (RFC2307) Schemes:
        • passlib.hash.ldap_md5 – MD5 digest
        • passlib.hash.ldap_sha1 – SHA1 digest
        • passlib.hash.ldap_salted_md5 – salted MD5 digest
        • passlib.hash.ldap_salted_sha1 – salted SHA1 digest
        • passlib.hash.ldap_crypt – LDAP crypt() Wrappers
        • passlib.hash.ldap_plaintext – LDAP-Aware Plaintext Handler
      • Non-Standard LDAP Schemes:
        • passlib.hash.ldap_hex_md5 – Hex-encoded MD5 Digest
        • passlib.hash.ldap_hex_sha1 – Hex-encoded SHA1 Digest
        • passlib.hash.ldap_pbkdf2_digest – Generic PBKDF2 Hashes
        • passlib.hash.atlassian_pbkdf2_sha1 – Atlassian’s PBKDF2-based Hash
        • passlib.hash.fshp – Fairly Secure Hashed Password
        • passlib.hash.roundup_plaintext – Roundup-specific LDAP Plaintext Handler
      • SQL Database Hashes:
        • passlib.hash.mssql2000 – MS SQL 2000 password hash
        • passlib.hash.mssql2005 – MS SQL 2005 password hash
        • passlib.hash.mysql323 – MySQL 3.2.3 password hash
        • passlib.hash.mysql41 – MySQL 4.1 password hash
        • passlib.hash.postgres_md5 – PostgreSQL MD5 password hash
        • passlib.hash.oracle10 – Oracle 10g password hash
        • passlib.hash.oracle11 – Oracle 11g password hash
      • MS Windows Hashes:
        • passlib.hash.lmhash – LanManager Hash
        • passlib.hash.nthash – Windows’ NT-HASH
        • passlib.hash.msdcc – Windows’ Domain Cached Credentials
        • passlib.hash.msdcc2 – Windows’ Domain Cached Credentials v2
      • Other Hashes:
        • passlib.hash.cisco_pix – Cisco PIX hash
        • passlib.hash.cisco_type7 – Cisco “Type 7” hash
        • passlib.hash.django_digest – Django-specific Hashes
        • passlib.hash.grub_pbkdf2_sha512 – Grub’s PBKDF2 Hash
        • passlib.hash.hex_digest – Generic Hexdecimal Digests
        • passlib.hash.plaintext – Plaintext
      • Cisco “Type 5” hashes

Passphrase Hashes

Articles

Passwords related postings at this blog:

2010.03.17

Cryptography resources

Filed under: crypto — Tags: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , — sandokan65 @ 09:33

Sites

Historic cyphers

Hash algorithms

  • Passphrase Hashes – http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/hopwood/crypto/scan/ph.html

    • Authenticators: When a passphrase is verified, the first few characters of the authenticator [= “magic”] determine which mechanism is used:
      • If the first three characters are “$1$”, MD5-crypt is used.
      • If the first four characters are “$2a$”, bcrypt is used.
      • If the first character is not “$” or “_”, Traditional-crypt3 is used.

  • The HashClash website – http://www.win.tue.nl/hashclash/ – hash algorithms collisions

RSA

  • export-a-crypto-system sig – http://www.cypherspace.org/rsa/, http://www.cypherspace.org/rsa/rsa-details.html – a Perl 3-line implementation of RSA encryptor and decryptor. 
      #!/bin/perl -sp0777i<X+d*lMLa^*lN%0]dsXx++lMlN/dsM0<j]dsj 
$/=unpack('H*',$_);$_=`echo 16dio\U$k"SK$/SM$n\EsN0p[lN*1 
lK[d2%Sa2/d0$^Ixp"|dc`;s/\W//g;$_=pack('H*',/((..)*)$/)

    A 2-line version:

      print pack"C*",split/\D+/,`echo "16iII*o\U@{$/=$z;[(pop,pop,unpack"H*", 
)]}\EsMsKsN0[lN*1lK[d2%Sa2/d0<X+d*lMLa^*lN%0]dsXx++lMlN/dsM0<J]dsJxp"|dc`
    • Use:
      • Encryption: echo “squeamish ossifrage” | rsa -k=10001 -n=1967cb529 > msg.rsa
      • Decryption: % rsa -d -k=ac363601 -n=1967cb529 < msg.rsa
    • requires GNU dc (http://www.cypherspace.org/rsa/dc.html)

      • .

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